Monday, 31 October 2022

ARTICLE WRITING

 ARTICLE WRITING


POINTS TO REMEMBER

➡️ Understand carefully the clue/information given in the question.

➡️Arrange all the information in an order in which you want them to develop for writing the article.

➡️Use the information provided in the question after interpreting them properly.

➡️Divide your article into several paragraphs. All the sentences in each paragraph should logically lead to the objective for which the article is being written.

➡️The whole composition should not be sketchy. Every sentence should be linked with the rest into a single whole.

➡️The language of an article should be straightforward, to the point, and objective.

➡️Avoid using informal expressions, slang (words which are not used in the literary language), or abbreviations, particularly in persuasive or argumentative articles.

➡️Articles are usually written in the third person.

➡️Adhere to the word limit of 120-150 words.


Sample Article:

Our country is prone to disasters like drought, cyclones, floods, breakage of bridges or earthquakes. Ad hoc measures are adopted to cope with every disaster. The slow response results in loss of human life and property. Write an article for a newspaper giving suggestions about disaster management. 

You may suggest having special equipment, trained personnel, better transport and communication, quick decisions and speedy implementation. Your article should be of 120-150 words. You are Sameer / Sharmistha.

Answer:


DISASTER MANAGEMENT

by Sameer/Sharmistha


Our country is prone to disasters like floods, drought, cyclones, or earthquakes. We do not have any clear-cut policy of disaster management nor any force to tackle the situation. Ad hoc measures are adopted to cope with every disaster. We wait and watch for others to join the fray. 


There are heated arguments over jurisdiction—centre or state liability, official assessment and surveys before any help is rushed out to the affected area. The slow response results in the loss of precious human life and valuable property. We must have clear-cut, well defined guidelines for disaster management. 


A well-trained task-force having special equipment and trained personnel should be constituted. Its controlling officer should have the authority to take decisions and ensure their speedy implementation. Better transport and communication facilities will ensure better results. Bureaucratic set-up should not be allowed to interfere with the work of the disaster-management group.

SPEECH WRITING

 SPEECH WRITING

You are Rudraksha/Rudra, Head girl / Head boy of your school. You are deeply disturbed by the rising cases of aggressive behaviour and indiscipline of students in your school. You have been asked by your teacher to deliver a speech in the morning assembly. Write a SPEECH on ‘Indiscipline in Schools’ in 120 - 150 words.


Answer


INDISCIPLINE IN SCHOOLS


It has been reported that number of fights and cases of bullying has gone up tremendously in the last few months in our school.

Honourable Principal, respected teachers and my dear fellow mates, today, I, Rudraksha/Rudra, your head girl/boy stand before you to throw some light upon the grave issue of “Increasing Indiscipline in Schools”.


The growing indiscipline and intolerance among the new generation is resulting in violation of rules and regulations. It has become a grave concern in today's world. The old-age guru-shishya parampara is losing its charm. Aggressiveness in students may be triggered by several factors: as a self-defence reaction, stressful situation, over-stimulation or lack of adult supervision.


It has been brought into lime light that disobedience of students, bullying, fights with peers, truancy and insults is becoming a common trend. Not only this, there have been complaints of parents witnessing a shift in their children’s attitude. This is resulting in a lot of children getting hurt emotionally, mentally and physically. The impact this attitude is having on kids at early age is disastrous and irreversible.


Not to forget the damage that has been done to the school property. Stealing chalks, scribbling on desks, walls and washroom doors, destroying CCTV cameras and the list goes on. By doing this, we are only letting us deprive ourselves of the amenities being provided to us.


After a lot of meetings, lack of proper guidance, excessive use of social media and peer pressure have been observed to be the root causes of the problem. The counsellor is taking steps to improve the situation. Life skill classes are being made mandatory for everyone. Teachings will include counselling, motivation and inculcating friendly values. Seminars for parents and students will be regularly organised. A counsellor to help you all share your feelings, grudges and sharing your personal problem is being made available. We are doing everything we can and expect the same from you.


So, let’s join our hands together and build an environment where we encourage, motivate, help and be kind to each other for we are good and civilised beings capable of a lot of affection.


Thank you.

Saturday, 29 October 2022

12th std Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers by Adrienne Rich

 Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers by Adrienne Rich- EXTRA QUESTIONS


QUESTION & ANSWERS


1. What kind of married life did aunt Jennifer lead?

1 Answer. Aunt Jennifer was confined to live inside her husband's house and was not free to do what she wished. She was burdened with her marital responsibilities and led a traumatic married life.


2. What is the irony in the poem aunt Jennifer's tigers?

Answer: It is ironic that even death would not liberate Aunt Jennifer from the oppression that she faced. Her fingers remained 'ringed' with the uncle's wedding band. But the tigers that she made would always remain fearless and bold.


3. What are the symbols used in Aunt Jennifer's tigers?

The tigers in the poem symbolise bravery and freedom. They also reflect Aunt Jennifer's innermost desire to be fearless and break free from her husband's oppression. The trembling fingers symbolise Aunt Jennifer's plight under the tyranny of her husband.


4. What silence does Aunt Jennifer's Tigers break?

Ans 1. The women are silenced in the male- dominated society, this topic is silently addressed in Aunt Jennifer's Tiger. In this poem, the poet has explored the mechanisms of the 'male domination' and 'patriarchy' that exists in the society.


5. Why are the tigers called aunt Jennifer's tigers?

The tigers are called Aunt Jennifer's tigers because they have been created by her, she has embroidered a panel of prancing tigers.


6. What is the main theme of the poem aunt Jennifer's tigers?

The theme of the poem “Aunt Jennifer's Tiger” relates to the issue and subject of make dominance in society. The theme wants to highlight the conflicts, issues and struggles that a woman has to face in the male chauvinistic society.


7. What do the tigers symbolise?

Tigers stand for strength, power, courage, and ambition. The animal represents a symbolic release of fears and standing for truth, justice, and integrity.


8. What is the meaning of ivory needle?

The ivory needle is the tool that she uses to express herself through embroidery. 


9. How has Mrs Jennifer failed in her aim?

Mrs. Jennifer could not fulfill her inner desire to be free and prancing like the tiger in her piece of art. Throughout life, she remained mastered by her husband, and the fear and exploitation that she received from her marriage only added to her pains. Thus, her desire remained unfulfilled and she failed in her aim.


10. Which figure of speech is used in Aunt Jennifer's Tiger?

Personification – type of figurative language where non-human beings are described as having human characteristics. For example: tigers are being given qualities like pride, confidence, and unafraid of humans/men.


11. What is aunt Jennifer's death symbolic of?

The aunt's death is symbolic of her complete surrender to her suppression.


12. Why is Aunt Jennifer ringed with ordeals?

The ordeals Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by are those which she had to go through because of the dominant nature of her husband. Those are the unpleasant experiences she had where her freedom was taken away.


13. How does aunt Jennifer express her bitterness?

She expresses her bitterness and anger against male dominance silently through her art. She creates tigers on her tapestry; animals that are symbolic of bravery, fearlessness and strength. The tigers she creates are wild and free from any kind of bondage.


14. What was aunt mastered by?

For example, Aunt Jennifer is "mastered by" her ordeals. The word "master" suggests that Aunt J is in a slavery-type relationship. The poem figures her as a slave. The master is "the ordeals" that she suffers, presumably at the hand of her husband.


15. Why are the fingers fluttering?

Aunt Jennifer's hands are 'fluttering through her wool' because she is an old lady on whom age has taken its toll. The fluttering of Aunt Jennifer's fingers also signifies her oppressed mental condition which makes it difficult for her to even pull an ivory needle while embroidering. 


16. What makes the tigers proud and unafraid?

She expresses her bitterness and anger against male dominance silently through her art. She creates tigers on her tapestry; animals that are symbolic of bravery, fearlessness and strength. Besides, she portrays these tigers as creatures unafraid of the men around them.


17. What is aunt Jennifer state of mind?

Aunt Jennifer is depressed. She is burdened with the thoughts of oppression's by her husband she had suffered. That is why she is knitting a tiger which is strong and not scared of anyone.


18. What is the tone of aunt Jennifer tigers?

Answer: The tone appears to be positive and cheerful when the poet describes the tiger but it becomes sad and dull at times of describing aunt Jennifer's condition.


19. Why is Uncle's wedding band heavy?

The 'wedding band' that the poet talks about was the wedding ring worn by Aunt Jennifer. The image 'massive weight of Uncle's wedding band' suggests that she was overburdened with duties and responsibilities, post her marriage.



20. What impression do you form of aunt Jennifer?

Aunt Jennifer is a meek and suppressed woman in a male-dominated society. She is denied every Kind of freedom and is always oppressed. But the tigers that she has made are free, bold, confident, chivalric, and courageous. 


21. Who is the speaker in aunt Jennifer's tigers?

The speaker is the niece or nephew of Aunt Jennifer and 'Uncle' who doesn't have a name in this poem, he is just referred to as 'Uncle'.


22. What is the significance of the title Aunt Jennifer's Tigers?

Answer: The title, 'Aunt Jennifer's Tigers', indicates the poem is about the knitted tigers of Aunt Jennifer who, with their chivalric, vicious, bright, and carefree attitude, is becoming an alternate world of her own.


23. What is the difference between her and the tigers?

Unlike the tigers, Aunt Jennifer is terrified, weak, and unsure of herself. She is burdened by her married life. Living a life on her own terms is a far-fetched dream for her. In these ways, she is different from the tigers.


24. How is Aunt Jennifer's tigers a feminist poem?

The poem's theme is to emphasise the hardships and tensions that a woman confronts in a male-dominated society. Aunt Jennifer is the main character in the poem, and she represents women all around the world who are persecuted by the patriarchal society. Through the poem, the poet emphasises her feminist issues.


25. Why is aunt Jennifer referred to as aunt in the end?

She is called “aunt” in the end because she has lost the identity of being Jennifer. However she is still a woman and remains oppressed even after her death as the marriage ring remains attached to her fingers.





Wednesday, 26 October 2022

SAMPLE INVITATION CARD

 SAMPLE INVITATION CARD

You are a student of Newton Public School, Nagpur. The school is holding its annual function on Saturday, the 15th November, 20XX at 11 a.m. The HRD Minister Dr M.M. Joshi has consented to be the chief guest. Design an invitation card to be sent to the parents and other invitees. Do not exceed 50 words.



12th std INVITATION CARDS/LETTERS

 INVITATION CARDS/LETTERS


An invitation is a formal request to someone to attend any specific occasion, celebration , programme or any event.  


Types of Invitation: 

1. Formal 

2. Informal


FORMAL INVITATION 


➡️ To be written in third person


Details like address or any other instruction is written at the bottom to the left side (card)


 Subject is mandatory & generally written in the centre


 No abbreviation is to be used


Simple present tense is used


Word limit 50


 Each entry has to be mentioned in a SEPARATE LINE 


For example, 


          (a) The name of the person(s) who is/are inviting 


         (b) Formal expressions like 'request the pleasure of your company' 


         (c) Time and date of event  


         (d) Purpose and occasion of invitation. 


 ➡️ For RSVP, address and telephone no. is given at which the invitee may contact for any queries. 


Name of the Chief Guest of the programme may be given.



EXERCISE: 

1. Write a formal invitation for the marriage function of your daughter. (Formal invitation for marriage/auspicious occasion)



 2. You are a student of Modern Public School, Model Town, Noida. The School is holding its Annual Function at 5.30 p.m. on 20th Dec. 2022. The Education Minister has consented to be the Chief Guest. Design an invitation card to be sent to the parents and other invitees. (Word Limit 50).



FORMAL REPLIES (ACCEPTANCE / REFUSAL)


➡️ Points to Remember 


 Acknowledge the invitation 


 Be brief and specific  


 Express thanks in third person


 Not to be signed at the end 


 When accepting, confirm date and time 


 If declining, give reason, convey your best wishes 


 Give date and address at top left hand side 


 Use simple language • Word limit 50


FORMAL ACCEPTANCE


1. You are Mr. Ajay Gupta of 7 Park Avenue, Delhi. Draft a reply accepting an invitation to attend a house warming party hosted by your colleague.



2. You are Dr. Shailesh Gupta, an eminent educationist. You have been invited to preside over on Inter Zonal Declamation competition by Neha the President of English Literary club of Government Model Sr. Sec. School, Sector-19, Chandigarh. Write a letter of acceptance of the invitation. (To Preside / Inaugurate / Judge Events etc.) 



FORMAL REFUSAL


1. You are Mr. Ajay Gupta of 7 Park Avenue, Delhi. Draft a reply of refusal expressing inability to attend a house warming party hosted by your colleague.


2. You are Dr. Shailesh Gupta, an eminent educationist. You have been invited to preside over an Inter Zonal Declamation Competition by Neha, the President of English Literary Club of Government Model Sr. Sec. School Sector-19, Chandigarh. Write a letter for refusal of the invitation.



EXTRA ASSESSMENT

1. You are Rohit of Mysore. Prepare a formal reply expressing inability to attend the marriage of a colleague owing to a prior engagement.  (Word Limit:  50 Words) 




INFORMAL INVITATION 


Informal invitation follow the ordinary personal letters pattern. 


These letters or invitations are written to relatives, friends and known persons.


➡️  Points to Remember 


Use first person 'I', 'We' and 'You' and avoiding using 'he', 'she' and 'They' 


 Do not write subject and receiver's address.


 Write in warm and personalized style with relaxed and informal tone.


 Avoid writing unnecessary details.


 Salutation 'Dear' _________ (Name)


Body


Subscription Yours truly, ________ (Name)


  Word limit 50


Q1. You are Atanu / Aatya of 203/A, Navodaya Vihar, Delhi Write a an invitation to invite all your friends for the party you are giving to celebrate your selection in B-Tech in DTU.



203/A, Navodaya Vihar,

 Delhi 


10th Jan, 2022.


 Dear Rohit,


 I have immense  pleasure in inviting you to post-selection party after my admission in DTU. Request you to visit  my residence at 7.30 p.m. on 16 Jan, 2022 to join my family and friends in my euphoric moment. 



Yours truly, 

Atanu



INFORMAL ACCEPTANCE 



You are Rohit and have been invited to the post selection party of your friend Atanu. Write a reply accepting the invitation you got.



7-C, Yojna Vihar, 

Delhi 


10 May, 2022


Dear Atanu, 


 Many thanks for inviting me to attend your post selection party which will be held on 16th May 2022 at your home. I shall be highly delighted to attend the same and will enjoy the party with great fun & frolic. 


Yours truly,

Rohit 



INFORMAL REFUSAL 



You are Rohit and you have been invited to the post selection party of your friend Atanu. Write a reply regretting your inability to attend the same.



7-C, Yojna Vihar,

 Delhi 


10 May, 2022


 Dear Atanu,


Many thanks for inviting me to attend your post- selection party, but I regret to say that I shall not be able to attend the same as I shall be out of station next week. I shall miss this joyous occasion. I wish you all the very best for the future. God Bless You. 


Yours truly,

Rohit 


Questions for Practice ( Acceptance) 


 1. You are Vikram/Vrinda of D-23, Nirdesh Marg, Delhi. Your friend Sarah has invited you for a party to celebrate her good board result and admission to a prestigious college. Draft a reply accepting the invitation. 


Questions for Practice ( Refusal/ Acceptance)


1. Mr. and Mrs. Mehta of 352/C, Darwin colony, they has decided to have a party on the occasion of sixteenth birthday of their daughter. You are unable to attend the function. Write a reply in about 50 words.



 2. You are Siddharth / Shalini of D-209, Pragati Nagar. You have received an invitation to attend the inauguration ceremony of a newly opened shop of your friend Karan. Write a reply of acceptance.

Tuesday, 18 October 2022

12th std The Interview

 12th std- The Interview 


Questions and Answers


SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2M)


1. Why do most celebrity writers despise being interviewed?

Answer: Most celebrity writers despise being interviewed because they look at interviews as an unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel that it diminishes them. They feel that they are wounded by interviews and lose a part of themselves. They consider interviews immoral and a crime, and an unwanted and unwelcome interruption in their personal life.


2. What do you understand by the expression ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’?

Answer: Saul Bellow once described interviews as being like ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’. It means he treated interviews as a painful experience, as something that caught him by his windpipe, squeezed him and left indelible thumbprints on that. It also means that when the interviewer forces personal details from his interviewee, it becomes undesirable and cruel.


3. What are some of the positive views on interviews?

Answer: The positive views on interviews are that it is a medium of communication and a source of truth and information. Some even look at it as an art. These days we know about the celebrities and others through their interviews.


4. What is the belief in some primitive cultures about being photographed?

Answer: Some primitive cultures consider taking a photographic portrait is like stealing the persons’s soul and diminishing him.


5. Who, in today’s world, is our chief source of information about personalities?

Answer: The interviewer is the chief source of information in today’s world. Our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries are based on communication that comes from them. Thus, interviewers hold a position of power and influence.


6. How does Eco find the time to write so much?

Answer: Umberto Eco humorously states that there are a lot of empty spaces in his life. He calls them ‘interstices’. There are moments when one is waiting for the other. In that empty space, Eco laughingly states that he writes an article. Then he states that he is a professor who writes novels on Sundays.


7. Do you think Umberto Eco likes being interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion.

Answer: Umberto Eco does not think highly of interviewers who he thinks are a puzzled bunch of people. He has reasons for thinking so as they have often interpreted him as a novelist and clubbed him with Pen Clubs and writers, while he considers himself an academic scholar who attends academic conferences and writes novels on Sundays.


9. What was distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style?

Answer:Umberto’s writings have an ethical and philosophical element underlying them. His non-fictional writing work has a certain playful and personal quality about it. Even his writings for children deal with non-violence and peace. This style of writing makes reading his novels and essays interesting and being like the reading of most academic writings. His works are marked by an informal and narrative aspect.


10. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar?

Answer:Umberto identified himself with the academic community, a professor who attended academic conferences rather than meetings of Pen Clubs. In fact, he was quite unhappy that the people referred to him as a novelist.


11. Why did Lewis Carroll have a horror of the interviewer?

Answer:Lewis Carroll was said to have had a just horror of the interviewer. It was his horror of being lionized which made him thus repel would-be acquaintances, interviewers, and those seeking his autographs. So, he never consented to be interviewed.


12. How did Rudyard Kipling look at interviews?

Answer:Rudyard Kipling condemned interviews. His wife writes in her diary that Rudyard Kipling told the reporters that he called being interviewed as immoral and a crime like an offence against any person. It merited punishment. It was cowardly and vile.


13. How were Rudyard Kipling and H.G. Wells critical of interviews yet they indulged in interviewing others or being themselves interviewed?

Answer:Rudyard Kipling criticized interviews yet he interviewed Mark Twain. H.G. Wells referred to an interview in 1894 as an ordeal. Yet he was a fairly frequent interviewee. He also interviewed Joseph Stalin forty years later.


14. How are interviews, despite their drawbacks, useful?

Answer:Despite their drawbacks, interviews are a supremely serviceable medium of communication. We get ‘ our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries through interviews. Denis Brain writes that almost everything of moment reaches us through interviews.


15. What, according to Umberto Eco, is the one thing he does through his various pieces of writing?

Answer: According to Eco, he is always pursuing his ethical, philosophical interests which are non-violence and peace, through his academic work, his novels and even his books for children. He uses his spare moments constructively.


16. Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret. What is that?

Answer:Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret to reveal. He tells him that there are empty spaces in the universe, in all the atoms. If they are removed, the universe will shrink to the size of a fist. He calls these empty spaces interstices and he writes in these interstices.


17. How, according to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, do scholars do in their research? How is Eco’s approach different?

Answer: According to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, scholars made a lot of false hypotheses. They correct them and at the end they put the conclusion. But Eco told the story of his research and included his trials and errors. His professor allowed the publication of Eco’s dissertation as a book.


18. What did Umberto Eco learn at the age of 22 that he pursued in his novels?

Answer: At the age of 22, Umberto Eco understood that scholarly books should be written the way he had done, that is, they should be written by telling the story of the research. He means to say that they should have the narrative technique. That’s why he started writing novels so late—at the age of 50.


19. How did Eco start writing novels?

Answer:Umberto states that he started writing novels by accident. One day, he had nothing to do, so he started writing. He felt that novels probably satisfied his taste for narration and he produced five novels, including the famous The Name of the Rose.


20. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar? Discuss briefly.

Answer:Umberto Eco considered himself an academic scholar, a university professor who wrote novels on Sundays. If somebody said that he was a novelist, that bothered him. He participated in academic conferences and not the meetings of Pen Clubs and writers. He identified himself with academic community.


21. What, according to Eco, puzzles journalists and publishers?

Answer:According to Umberto Eco, journalists and publishers are puzzled when something unexpected happens. They believe that people like trash and do not like difficult reading experiences. But Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose, a serious work, sold between 10 and 15 million copies. This puzzled them.


22. What is the reason for the huge success of the novel, The Name of the Rose?

Answer:The reason for the huge success of the novel, according to Eco, is a mystery. Nobody can predict it. He states that if he had written the novel ten years earlier or ten years later, it wouldn’t have been the same. So, the time component, its narrative technique, its aspects of metaphysics, theology and medieval history, made it a grand success.


23. What made Roland Barthes frustrated? What did he want to do?

Answer:Eco's friend Roland Barthes was an essayist. He was not satisfied fully with his scholarly essays. He yearned to do some creative writing. He remained frustrated that he was as essayist and not novelist. But, unfortunately he died before he could do so.


24. How did Umberto Eco become spectacularly famous?

Answer:Umberto Eco had earned a good reputation in the field of semiotics or the study of signs. His scholarly works were staggeringly large and wide ranging. But his spectacular fame came to him with his novel The Name of the Rose which stormed the world and sold more than 10 million copies.


25. What sort of TV programmes does Eco watch after dinner and why?

Answer:After dinner, Eco watches light television programmes like Miami Vice and Emergency Room. These programmes do not tax his mind and he feels relaxed after a hard, day’s work. But he cannot watch such programmes the whole day.


26. Bring out Umberto Eco’s humility and modesty as evident in the chapter.

Answer:Umberto Eco takes success in his stride and talks about his achievements in all modesty. He very humbly gives credit to the people’s capability of appreciating difficult reading experiences. Regarding doing so many things, he tells that it a fallicious impression, but at the end of the day, he is doing the same thing.


LONG ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS (5M)


1. How did Umberto Eco assess his style of writing in The Name of the Rose?

Answer:Umberto Eco considered himself to be an academician who was happy writing novels on Sundays. Though he did not feel he was a novelist, he felt the novel fulfilled his desire for narration. In fact, he spoke of himself as a university professor who wrote novels on Sundays. The novel, according to him, enabled him to reach a larger audience. The Name of the Rose was a very serious novel. It was a detective story that delved into metaphysics, theology and medieval history’. It enjoyed a huge audience as, according to him, people did enjoy difficult reading experiences. Like him. many did not like easy experiences all the time. The novel deals with a period of medieval history and the publisher did not expect to sell so well in a state where nobody had studied Latin or seen a cathedral. He felt the timing was crucial. Perhaps its popularity would have been less, had it been written earlier or later. 


2. The Interview as a communication genre is here to stay. Discuss with reference to the interview with Umberto Eco.

Answer:The interview today is a communication genre that has come to stay. Its detractors, mostly celebrities, despise it as an intrusion into their lives. However, a good interview can be a source of truth, it is an excellent medium of communication and in the modern world our most vivid impressions of contemporaries are through interviews. It is through the interview that we learn about Eco’s diverse writings, his interest in the philosophy of non-violence and peace and his ability to put every spare moment to constructive use. At the interviewer’s prompting, he tells us why he writes scholarly works in an informal style and how he started writing novels. We realise that he is an academician at heart. He honestly talks of the success of his book as a mystery saying that it might not have sold so well in another time.


3. How does Mukund Padmanabhan impress you as an interviewer? Do you consider his interview with Umberto Eco a success?

Answer:Mukund Padmanabhan’s interview with Umberto Eco tells about his capabilities as a successful interviewer. He does not encroach upon his privacy or embarrass him with personal questions. He does not come in-between the celebrity and the readers. His questions are well worded. His questions • draw out of him what his fans would like to know. The questions asked by Mukund cover all the aspects of his works and personality. Eco gives elaborated answers to all his questions. With every question, the interviewer withdraws to the background leaving the interviewee in the limelight. The whole interview does not appear to be an ordeal for the interviewee. In short it is crisp at the same time informal.


4. How do celebrity writers despise being interviewed as given in ‘The Interview’?

Answer: Since its invention a little over 130 years ago, the interview has become commonplace journalism. Over the years, opinions about its functions, methods and merits vary considerably. Some say it is a source of truth and in practice, an art. Others despise it being an unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel it diminishes them. They equate it to taking a photographic portrait of somebody which in some primitive cultures mean ‘stealing the person’s soul.’ Some people feel wounded by interviews and lose part of themselves. They call it immoral, a crime and an assault. To some it is cowardly and vile or an ordeal.


5. How does Eco explain that he is convinced he is always doing the same thing?

Answer:Umberto Eco explains to Mukund Padmanabhan in an interview that all the people have a lot of empty spaces. These he call ‘interstices’. He explains them through an example. He says that one is to come to him and is in an elevator and he is waiting for him. While waiting for the guest’s elevator to appear before him. he has already written an article. It means he writes in snatches of time. However, his creative ideas flow in his mind every time even when he is hosting his guest. Though he relaxes on Sundays, yet is very much busy to write novels. On other days he is busy with his academic work.



6. How does Mukund Padmanabhan comment on Eco’s academic writing style? What does Eco say about it?

Answer:Mukund Padmanabhan states that Eco’s non-fictional writing, that is, his scholarly work has a certain playful and personal quality about it. It is a marked departure from a regular style. That regular style is invariably depersonalised and often dry and boring. To a question if he consciously adopted an informal style, he cited the comments of one of the professors who examined and evaluated his first doctoral dissertation. The professor said that scholars learned a lot of a certain subject, then they made a lot of false hypotheses, then they corrected and put conclusions at the end. But Eco told the story of his research, including his trials and errors. At the age of 22, Eco understood that scholarly books should be written by telling the story of the research. His essays, therefore, have a narrative aspect. That is why, he wrote novels to satisfy his taste for narrative.


7. How does the interview with Umberto Eco prove that the interview is the most commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee?

Answer:Mukund Padmanabhan from ‘The Hindu’ interviews Umberto Eco and proves that interview is the most commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee.


Through his interview he reveals that Eco is a prolific writer and yet a man who is most modest about his achievements. He very humbly spells the secret of his varied and staggeringly voluminous works produced by him. When Mukund asks him about David Lodge’s remark that how one man can do all the things that Eco does’, Eco very modestly says it is a fallacious impression, in fact he has always been doing the same thing by pursuing the same philosophical ideas. He views himself as an academic, rather than a novelist. He admits that he has started writing novels by accident and writes novels on Sundays.


8. What are the opinions of some of the celebrities on interviews?

Answer:Celebrities have often seen themselves as victims of interviews. In V.S. Naipaul’s opinion, interviews have left people wounded and part of them stolen. Lewis Carroll was in horror of the interviewer and he never consented to be interviewed. He often silenced all those who sought to interview him or ask for his autographs. Rudyard Kipling too held a very critical attitude towards interviews and disapproved of them after he was left almost wrecked by two reporters from Boston. According to his wife, since then he found interviews were vile, immoral and a crime. To H.G. Wells, being interviewed was an ordeal, while to Saul Bellow, interviews were like thumbprints on his windpipe, an extortion of personal details by an overbearing interviewer. They all seemed to be terrified of interviews.










Friday, 7 October 2022

Letter to the Editor

 Sample letter TO THE EDITOR

Persons working in houses for washing, cleaning, cooking, etc. have been found involved in acts of crime in big cities. Write a letter to the Editor, The Times of India, Noida, throwing light on this aspect so as to make citizens aware of this problem. You are Siddhi/Siddharth of 352, Radhika Nagar, Noida.


352, Radhika Nagar

Noida-25


8th October 2022


The Editor

The Times of India

25/A- Times Now Lane

Noida-30


Subject: Involvement of Domestic Servants in Crime


Dear sir/ma'am,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the public in general and police authorities in particular towards a problem which deserves immediate attention and necessary action. 


It has been observed that the acts of crime such as theft, house-breaking, kidnapping, and murders are increasing day by day. Newspaper reports reveal that persons working in houses for cleaning, cooking, etc. are involved, directly or indirectly in such acts of crime. They either collude with anti-social elements to make easy money or indulge in the heinous and nefarious act of stealing, kidnapping and murder themselves.


I think the police should make it mandatory for people engaging domestic servants to get clearance from the local police station after registration and proper verification. The police must show alertness and far-sightedness while dealing with such cases.

I do hope you will spare some time to look into this problem and publish the above for alertness of people.


Thanking you in anticipation.


Yours sincerely,

Siddhi