Wednesday, 24 February 2016

speech writing

When writing a speech the following points 
should be adhered to:

begin by wishing the audience

introduce yourself

introduce the topic

2-3 paragraphs stating the argument and the
solutions/suggestions

thanking the audience

word limit – 200 words

Example of an opening:

Good morning, I --------- am grateful to be given an
opportunity to express my views on a topic very close to my
heart…



Para 2.....



Para 3.....



Para 4 .......



Thank you.

Structure of a Speech:

1) The Title
brief – not more that 2-3 words

catchy and effective

encourage the reader to read further as well as the listener to be curious enough to listen

2) Introduction 

informs the reader what the speech is about

could contain facts or startling information/and anecdote – a
story that illustrates a point. (should be short)

summary information – explain your point of view in general
terms

The body

One paragraph

causes of the problem

effects of the problem

your opinions

description of the event


Conclusion
Conclusion brings closure.

review main points

describe your feelings about the topic


PM Narendra Modi's Speech on Digital India

Thank you, Shantanu, John, Satya, Paul, Sunder, and Venkatesh

 A big thank you!

I am sure this was not pre-arranged. But, here on stage you see a perfect picture of India-U.S. partnership in the digital

 Good Evening, everyone!

If there was ever a gathering under one roof that could claim to be shaping the world, it is this. And, I am not talking about  those in public office, here or in India! It’s a great pleasure to be here in California. It is one of the last places in the world to see the sun set. But, it is here that new ideas see the first light of the day. It’s a great honour that you have joined us tonight. I have met many of you in Delhi and New York, and on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. These are the new neighborhoods of our new world. If Facebook were a country, it would be the third most populous one and the most connected. Google today has made teachers less awe-inspiring and grandparents more idle. Twitter has turned everyone into a reporter. The traffic lights that need to work the best are on CISCO routers. The status that now matters is not whether you are awake or asleep, but whether you are online or offline. The most fundamental debate for our youth is the choice between Android, iOS or Windows. From computing to communication, entertainment to education, from printing documents to printing products, and, now to internet of things, it’s been a long journey in a short time. From cleaner energy to better healthcare and safer transport, everything is converging around the work you do. In Africa, it’s helping people transfer money on phone. It has made reaching small island states no longer a journey of adventure, but a convenient click of a mouse. In India, a mother in a distant hill village has a better chance to save her new born infant. A child in a remote village has better access to education. A small farmer is more confident about his land holding and getting better market price. A fisherman on the sea has a better catch.
And, a young professional in San Francisco can Skype daily to comfort her sick grandmother in India. An initiative by a father in Haryana for “Selfie with daughter” to draw attention to the girl child became an international movement. All this is because of the work you people are doing. Since my government came to office last year, we have attacked poverty by using the power of networks and mobile phones to launch a new era of empowerment and inclusion: 180 million new bank accounts in a few months; direct transfer of benefits to the poor; funds for the unbanked; insurance within the reach of the poorest; and, pension
for the sunset years for all.
Thank You

Points to remember to make a speech a memorable one

Who: Who would be listening?

How: Will you decide on the tone of the speech

What: will be the topic finally

Why: do you ant to write this speech,

The purpose

Persuade With a Classic Structure

In a speech where you're trying to persuade someone, the classic structure
is called "Problem-Solution."


In the first part of your speech you say, "Here's a problem, here's why
things are so terrible."


Then, in the second part of your speech you say, "Here's what we can do to
make things better."


Revise.....
FORMAT
Salutation : suitable address.

opening statement: I am sure you all are familiar with……

1.Opening paragraph: Quotation, Catchy phrase

2. Para 1-  What you feel about the topic: Your views , opinions

3.Para 2 ,3 - What others feel and what you have to say in response
: use transitional words clear ideas, easy language, persuasive tone, burning
issues, use of anecdotes, questions, humour , be brief.

4. Last para - Summing Up: Quotation, Your views

Closing note : Thank You

reported speech-practice sheet

Change to reported / indirect speech using the introductory phrase in brackets!



Mary said, “I will play cards the day after tomorrow”. (Mary informed
me…)



Sophie said, “I went to bed early last night”. (Sophie expressed ….)



The teacher said to Jenny, “You have to learn your grammar”.(The
teacher asked Jenny…)



Monica said to the immigration officer, “This is my first trip to
England.” (Monica informed the immigration officer…)



He told me, “You are the most beautiful girl I have ever seen”. (He
remarked me …)



Nick said, “I’m going to visit my parents next month”. (Nick declared
that …)



Lilly said, “My parents are fine”. (Lilly informed …)



 Gloria said, “I am sorry but I can’t come to your birthday party
because I am going away for the weekend.” (Gloria explained that ....)

Mark said, “My friend Gary has found a new job in the music business.”
(Mark informed that …)

12std Article Writing

Writing an Article

When writing an article the following points should be adhered to-

Essential Details:

Format of Article Writing

Title/Heading-
Should be catchy and relevant to the topic.
Written at the top.
Byline - write By your name below the title.
Introduction (Paragraph 1)
Introduce the topic clearly.
State why it is important or relevant.
Body ( Paragraph 2)
Explain the causes, effects, facts, examples, and analysis.
Present ideas in a logical sequence.
Use simple and formal language.
Conclusion (Paragraph 3)
Summarise the main points.
Suggest solutions, recommendations or a positive outlook.

Important Features
Word limit: 120–150 words
 
Use formal language.
Write in paragraphs, not points.
Maintain a clear flow of ideas.
Include facts, observations and suggestions where appropriate.
Avoid contractions such as don't, can't, it's.

Marking Scheme 
Format -1 mark
Content - 2 marks
Organisation -1 marks
Accuracy -1 marks 

Useful Opening Lines
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about...
The issue of _____ has become a matter of serious discussion.
It is often said that _____ plays an important role in our lives.

Useful Concluding Lines
Therefore, immediate steps must be taken to address this issue.
A collective effort can bring about positive change.
With awareness and responsibility, we can create a better future.


Sample Article Writing


Q1.The influence of westernisation and modern lifestyle has led to significant changes in youth's behaviour and values, raising concerns about the erosion of traditional Indian cultural and moral values.Write an article in 120-150 words for your school magazine on the declining moral values among youth. You may use the clues given below along with your own ideas. You are Subhashini/ Ritvik.
-impact of westernization on Indian youth culture
- changes in lifestyle and behavior patterns
-factors contributing to moral decline
-consequences of deteriorating values
-measures to preserve cultural values and ethics


Declining Moral Values Among Youth
By Subhashini/ Ritvik

The youth are considered the future of a nation. They possess energy, creativity and the ability to bring positive change to society. However, in recent years, the craze for westernisation has eroded Indian culture and values.Westernisation has been a pervasive and accelerating influence across the country.

One reason for this decline is the increasing influence of westernisation, which has affected the lifestyle, language, food habits, music and dressing sense of many youngsters. In the process of adopting foreign cultures, some are gradually forgetting Indian traditions and values.Another major factor is the excessive use of social media and technology. Young people spend long hours online, where they may be exposed to inappropriate content and unhealthy influences. As a result, qualities such as honesty, respect  and empathy are often neglected. The pressure to succeed at any cost has also encouraged unfair practices in academics and daily lives.The weakening of family bonds further contributes to the problem. Busy parents often have less time to guide their children, and moral education is not always given enough importance.

To address this issue, parents, teachers and society must work together to promote ethical values, cultural awareness and responsible behaviour. By promoting strong ethical principles, civic sense and creating a supportive environment, we can help the younger generation become responsible citizens and contribute positively to society.

voice- active and passive

Determine the voice of the verb, active or passive.

1. Tony makes dinner every night.

2. A large fish was caught by Robin.

3. The teacher was called to the office.

4. Copy the math problems on your paper.

5. The webs were carefully spun by the spider.

6. The test is being handed out to the students.

7. Morgan smacked the ball out of the park.

8. The gymnast started her floor exercise.

9. The flowers were watered every other day.

10. Was the shelf built next to the fireplace?
Verbs and Voice



Voice is the form a verb takes to
indicate whether the subject of
the verb performs or receives the

There are two types of voice:
active voice and passive voice.
Active Voice

Active Voice – indicates that the
subject of the verb is acting

Because the subject does or "acts
upon" the verb in such sentences,
the sentences are said to be in the
active voice.

Active Voice

These examples show that the subject is  doing the
verb's action.

The dog jumped onto the boy.

The dog (subject) is doing the jumping (verb).

Kristy will give a book report to the class.

Kristy (subject) is doing the giving (verb).


The computer ate my paper.

The computer (subject) is doing the eating (verb).


Passive Voice

In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object
flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient
of the action.

Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is
passive), such sentences are said to be in the
passive voice.
These examples show the subject being acted upon
by the verb.



The boy was jumped on by the dog.

 (subject) was Verb



A book report will be given by Kristy to the class.

 (subject) will be given (verb).



My paper was eaten by the computer.

 (subject) was(verb).

Reasons to Use the Active Voice

Most writers prefer to use active voice because it is
more direct.

Compare
Active: The waiter dropped the tray of
food.

Passive: The tray of food was dropped by
the waiter.

The active voice is less awkward and clearly states
relationship between subject and action.

Compare

Passive: Your request for funding has been denied by
the review committee.

Active: The review committee denied your request for
funding.

The active voice sentence pattern propels the
reader forward through your writing thus avoiding
weak prose.


When to Use Passive Voice

In general, the passive voice is less direct, less
forceful, and less concise than the active voice.

Use the passive voice in the following situations:

Use passive voice when you do not know or
do not want to reveal the performer of an
action.

Use passive voice when you want to
emphasize the receiver of an action.


Examples:
Passive: The cookies were eaten by the children.

Active: The children ate the cookies.



Passive: The tunnels are dug by the gophers.

Active: The gophers dug the tunnels.

Let’s Practice

Directions:  Change the sentences below to the active

The statue is being visited by hundreds of tourists every

My books were stolen by someone yesterday.

These books had been left in the classroom by a careless
student.

Coffee is raised in many parts of Hawaii by plantation
workers.

The house had been broken into by someone while the
owners were on vacation.

Let’s Practice

Directions: Change the sentences below to the
passive voice.


Children cannot open these bottles easily.

The government built a road right outside her front

Mr. Ross broke the antique vase as he walked
through the store.



When she arrived, the changes amazed her.

The construction workers are making street repairs
all month long.

8std lottery ticket-Q/A

Comprehension questions:
 Who was Ivan Dimitritch? Was he satisfied with his life?
 (Ivanwas a middle-class man who lived with his family on the income of twelve hundred a year was very satisfied with his lot.)

Did Ivan believe in Lottery luck?
(No he had no faith in lottery luck and does not like much to look at the lottery numbers that appeared in the news paper.)

What happened when Ivan’s wife gave him the newspaper to look for the lottery number
9499 and 26? How did he react?
 (Ivan found out that the mentioned figure had appeared in the news paper that day. He looked at the paper in disbelief but he felt an agreeable chill in the pit of his stomach that was tingling terrible and sweet!)

What does Ivan dream of doing with the prize money?
 ( he dreamt of buying a property /estate and lead a comfortable luxurious life)

 What is power capital?
(It is not simply money but an opportunity to invest and grow more
money in the future. )

 How much money Ivan wanted to spend on real estate and personal expenses?
 ( twenty five thousand on real estate and ten thousand n personal expenses )

Do you think Ivan’s musings do not reveal his true character?
 (Yes, because in his musings he is shown as someone who loves his family, his home and homely life. He comes across as someone who likes to spend time at home having his children and wife

around. But we come to know that in reality Ivan was someone who wanted to be

alone to enjoy life. He hated the thought of her wife coming along with him as his travel

companion)

Explain Masha’s approach to Ivan.
(Masha at first came across as a devoted wife and

caring for the views of her husband. She was someone who wanted to stay at a place

and believed in owning a property with her husband and family. Later we knew that she

too wanted to travel the world. But she did not like her husband because he did not

want her as his travel companion.)

What happened in the end?
(In the end as it happened they found out that they had

not won the lottery after all. Soon they went back to their old ways; Ivan began

complaining to his wife about the cleanliness of the house.)

adverb-practice sheet


1. Read each sentence. Circle the adverb in each sentence. Tell whether the adverb

tells how, when, or where.

1. The mail carrier finally arrived.

2. Yesterday, we ran out to meet her.

3. Maggie clapped her hands excitedly.

4. I quickly opened the gold envelope.

5. Then, Maggie eagerly read the letter.

6. She shouted proudly, "We won the contest!"

7. He keeps his collection safely upstairs.

8. He works on it often.

9. Sometimes friends send Butch new stamps.

2. Read each sentence. Circle the adverbs in each sentence. Underline the word they

modify.

1. The CEO feels unusually tense today.

2. Ginger spoke vividly of Kyoko's extraordinary acting skills.

3. The children's teacher announced that their class was the most highly rated in

the district.

4. Greg's mule accepted every task willingly.

5. You should put that hibiscus inside.

6. In the winter, New York is much colder than Florida.

conjunction-practice sheet

QI. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with a word from the box. You

may use a word more than once.

and or but yet so


1. We went to the book fair to buy books _______have fun.

2. You can take this chair____ that one over there.

3. You can have this seat ______ not that one.

4. Molly is very conscious of her health, ________ she exercises regularly.

5. This book is supposed to be a best seller, ____________ few people have

it.

6. You must be friendly _______ you will not have any friends.

7. I like watching movies _______ only at the theatre.

8. I go for morning walk every day ___________ still have time to do yoga.

9. The organizers claimed that the tickets were sold out, __________ there
were many seats vacant in the auditorium.

10.We wanted the best seats, ______ we bought the expensive tickets.

Q II. Complete the following passage by using the following conjunctions:

but, before, if, because , so, and.

Do you eat breakfast? Its is important to eat breakfast____________ it gives

you the energy you need to begin the day. Some people eat lunch___________

dinner, _____________ skip breakfast. Many people claim they do not have time

to prepare breakfast ____________ going to work, __________ they skip the meal.

_______________ you don’t have a healthy breakfast, you will feel tired or sleepy

after a few hours. It is therefore important that we make an effort to eat

breakfast every day.

formal letter

Write a formal letter on the following topic:

You feel that facilities for tourists could be improved in India. Write a letter to the

secretary, department of tourism in your state, highlighting the need for

improving facilities for tourists to promote tourism in your region. Also suggest

what facilities you would like to extend to the tourists.

practice sheet -ian

-ian

IAN as a Suffix meaning NATIVE OF &
RELATING TO .It makes an adjective out of the
noun it is added to. It is a very important key these days

1.Italian : Ital +ian

   A native of Italy, an Italian.

 2. Australian : Austral +ian

A native of Australia, an Australian.

A native of India, an Indian

Use the suffix –ian to provide the answers:

One who is a citizen of Uganda is ________

One who is the member of an academy or society
concerned with the arts or sciences is ______

A cold-blooded vertebrate that spends some time
on land but must breed and develop into an adult
in water is _____amphibian


 A person who has custody ____

 Someone who is an authority about past events
or history is ______

A person who is active politics is __________

practice sheet-ist and -ian

-ist

The Suffix -ISTwhich means ONE WHO & THAT
WHICH. It is easily added to nouns, as, art -

Accompanist : accompan + ist

One who plays an accompaniment to a soloist

Naturalist : natural+ ist

One who is expert in nature studies

3. Terrorist : terror + ist

One who uses fear as a weapon of power
Use the suffix –ist to form new word.



Violin  - the one who plays violin is?



Chemical- the one who mixes chemical is?



Natural- the one who likes to deal with nature is?



Piano- the one who plays piano is?



Biology- the one who is an expert at biology?



Dermatology- the one who is an expert at
dermatology ?



Nutrition- the one who advises on nutrition?



Oncology- the one who is an expert at oncology?



Psychology- the one who deals with psychology?



Toxicology- the one who deals in toxicology?

6th std spiderman in the animal kingdom

Spiderman in the Animal Kingdom
Exercise questions
2. a) The lizard’s striking red and blue markings are astonishingly similar to the
suit worn by Spider – Man. As the reptile crawls, it strikes a pose similar to
Spiderman’s favourite crouching pose.
b) The head, neck and shoulders of the male Mwanza are either a bright
violet or red, while the rest of their bodies are a deep blue colour. The
males change their colour at night or in times of danger. The colours may
also change depending on the dominant males’ mood. When male
agamas get into a skirmish, their bodies develop white spots and their
heads go brown.
c) They live in thatched roofs and other small spaces where they can hide
themselves. They only come out to eat, and when spotted in the open,
they attempt their two legged ‘Spiderman escape’.
d) They require specialized equipment to be kept alive, as they thrive at a particular temperature.

EXTRAS….
Which Hollywood Blockbuster was going to be released in 2012?
(The Amazing Spider-Man)
 What happened before the release of the blockbuster?
(a photographer couple on a holiday in Kenya clicked a picture of a
lizard that bore an uncanny resemblance to spider man)
 Where was the photograph clicked?
(on top of a rock near the Rongai River in the Masai Mara National
Reserve)
 What was the lizard doing when it was clicked?
(basking in the sun)
What is Spiderman’s favourite position? (crouching)
 How did the fans of Spiderman respond to the photographs?
(they went into a frenzy)
What is the lizard called? (Mwanza flat-headed rock agama)
Where is it mostly found? (Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda)

 When do the male lizard change colours? (at night or in times of danger)