11std Amalgamated Questions

 11std Amalgamated Questions

1. Comparative HOTS –

Both The Portrait of a Lady and A Photograph explore the passage of time and the impact of loss. Compare how the two writers present these ideas through the grandmother and the poet’s mother.

2. Both texts present nature as a powerful force that can dramatically alter the lives of living beings. How does nature affect the voyagers in We’re Not Afraid to Die… and the goldfinch in The Laburnum Top? 

2. Competency-Based – 

In The Portrait of a Lady, the grandmother's appearance changes with age, while in A Photograph, the photograph freezes the poet's mother at a particular moment in her youth.

How does each text use physical appearance to communicate the inevitability of change?

3. Analytical – 

The grandmother accepts the changes brought by time with quiet dignity, whereas the poet in A Photograph struggles with the emotional impact of loss.

What does this contrast reveal about different ways of responding to separation and mortality?

4. HOTS – 

Both texts suggest that memories can preserve moments that time cannot. However, memories can also intensify the pain of separation. Discuss with reference to both texts.

5. Comparison of Relationships 

The relationship between the narrator and his grandmother changes as he grows older. Similarly, the poet's relationship with her mother is viewed retrospectively through a photograph.

Compare how growing up affects the narrator's/poet's perception of the older generation.

6. High-Order -

“Photographs and memories allow people to revisit the past, but they also remind them that time cannot be reversed.” Discuss this statement by comparing The Portrait of a Lady and A Photograph, with particular reference to memory, changing relationships, ageing, loss and the passage of time.

7. What different responses to nature are reflected in the two texts?

The voyagers face a violent storm, while the goldfinch encounters the changing rhythms of its natural surroundings. Compare how movement and stillness are used in the two texts to create contrasting moods.

8. Courage is portrayed differently in the two texts. While the voyagers demonstrate courage in the face of danger, the goldfinch displays confidence and alertness in its natural habitat. Explain with suitable references.

9. The voyagers survive because of teamwork and mutual support, while the goldfinch's presence brings activity and vitality to the silent laburnum tree. How do relationships contribute to strength and survival in both texts?

10. In We’re Not Afraid to Die…, the children’s cheerful behaviour gives the adults emotional strength. In The Laburnum Top, the goldfinch transforms the quiet tree into a lively space. How do seemingly small elements bring hope, energy, or positivity to the larger situation?

11. “Silence can be as powerful as chaos.” Discuss this statement with reference to the quiet laburnum tree and the terrifying silence/uncertainty experienced by the voyagers after the storm.

11th std Practice Questions

 11th standard extra questions for practice.

Chapters- Laburnum Top and Discovering Tut.

A. Competency-Based Questions 

1. King Tut’s mummy underwent a CT scan thousands of years after his death. What does this reveal about the relationship between modern technology and historical research? Explain with reference to the chapter.

2. The Egyptians preserved the bodies of their dead because they believed that the dead would need their bodies in the afterlife. What does this belief tell us about the relationship between religion, culture and social practices in ancient Egypt?

3. Archaeologists initially faced difficulties while examining Tut’s mummy because it had become firmly stuck to the bottom of the coffin. What does this incident demonstrate about the challenges involved in preserving and studying archaeological remains?

4. Imagine that you are a historian examining Tut’s mummy today. Why would you prefer a CT scan over physically disturbing the mummy? Give two reasons.

5. The chapter combines history, archaeology, medicine and technology. How does this interdisciplinary approach help researchers understand the past more effectively?

B. HOTS 

6. “Technology has enabled historians to ask questions that could not have been answered earlier.” Discuss this statement with reference to the investigation of King Tut.

7. Why do you think the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb generated such enormous interest across the world? Explain with reference to the chapter and the human fascination with the past.

8. Howard Carter's examination of Tut’s mummy involved both scientific curiosity and physical intervention. Do you think the desire to discover historical facts can sometimes conflict with the need to preserve heritage? Explain.

9. Tutankhamun became famous largely because of his tomb and mummy rather than because of his achievements as a ruler. What does this suggest about how historical fame can be shaped by archaeological discoveries?

10. The chapter presents several theories regarding Tut’s death. Why is it important for historians and scientists to distinguish between evidence, inference and speculation while reconstructing the past?

Laburnum Top

 A. Extract-Based Competency Questions

Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

“The Laburnum top is silent, quite still

In the afternoon yellow September sunlight…”

The words “silent” and “still” primarily create a sense of:

a) celebration

b) tranquillity

c) fear

d) confusion

Why has the poet deliberately emphasised the silence of the tree at the beginning of the poem?

How does the phrase “yellow September sunlight” contribute to the visual imagery of the poem?

The silence of the laburnum top is later interrupted. What does this structural contrast help the reader understand?

B. HOTS Questions

The poem presents nature as dynamic rather than merely beautiful. Justify this statement with reference to the changing movement and sounds in the poem.

Why do you think the poet introduces the goldfinch suddenly rather than describing its arrival gradually?

The laburnum tree appears almost lifeless before the goldfinch arrives. How does the bird transform the atmosphere of the poem?

“The whole tree trembles and thrills.” Explain how this line can be interpreted at both a literal and an emotional level.

The poem begins and ends with silence. Why is this circular structure effective?

How does Ted Hughes use the goldfinch and the laburnum tree to establish a relationship between movement and stillness?

C. Analytical & Inferential Questions--

Why is the goldfinch compared to a “machine”? What does this unusual comparison reveal about the bird's movement?

Explain the significance of the expression “sleek, alert and abrupt.” How do these three words collectively construct the image of the goldfinch?

The goldfinch is described as the “engine of her family.” What does this metaphor suggest about her role?

What can you infer about the relationship between the goldfinch and her young ones from the lines describing her arrival and departure?

How does the poet use sound imagery to make the reader experience the sudden activity in the tree?

12th std The Last Lesson & Lost Spring

 Extra Questions & Answers

THE LAST LESSON

1. Why do you think the author chose to narrate the story from Franz’s point of view rather than M. Hamel’s?

The author chose to narrate the story through Franz’s point of view because it allows readers to witness a gradual transformation in a young student. At the beginning, Franz is careless about his studies and does not value his language. However, as he attends the last French lesson, he realizes the importance of education and cultural identity. Through Franz’s innocent observations, readers can feel the shock, regret, and emotional impact of losing one’s language. If the story had been told by M. Hamel, it would have focused mainly on the teacher’s sorrow rather than the awakening of an entire generation.

2. Imagine you are Franz. After attending the last lesson, write a diary entry expressing your thoughts and feelings about the importance of language and how your attitude towards school has changed.

                             Diary Entry

2 August 2026

Tuesday 

Dear Diary,

Today was the most unforgettable day of my life. I went to school expecting an ordinary lesson, but I soon learned that it was our last French class. The order from Berlin had come, and from tomorrow only German would be taught in our schools.

As I sat in the classroom, I felt a deep sense of regret. I realized how carelessly I had treated my studies. I had often preferred playing outdoors instead of learning my lessons. Today, however, every word spoken by M. Hamel seemed precious.

I understood that language is much more than a means of communication. It is a symbol of our culture, identity, and freedom. When a people lose their language, they lose an important part of themselves. M. Hamel’s dedication and love for French touched my heart deeply.

This experience has changed my attitude towards school and learning. I now understand the value of education and the opportunities it provides. If I ever get the chance to study my language again, I will do so with sincerity and respect.

Today taught me a lesson that I will never forget.

Good night diary,

Franz

3. Why do you think the villagers attended the last French lesson, even though they hadn’t supported the school earlier?

The villagers attended the last French lesson because they suddenly realized the value of their language and education when they were about to lose them. Their presence reflected regret for not taking learning seriously in the past. They also wanted to show respect to M. Hamel, who had served the village faithfully for forty years. By attending the lesson, they expressed their love for French culture and their solidarity with the community during a difficult time. Their actions show that people often appreciate something only when it is threatened or taken away.

 THE LOST SPRING

1. “Garbage to them is gold.” What does this statement reveal about the mindset and condition of the rag pickers of Seemapuri?

The statement “Garbage to them is gold” highlights the extreme poverty of the rag pickers of Seemapuri. What society throws away becomes a valuable source of income and survival for them. They search through garbage to find items that can be sold or reused. This reflects their harsh living conditions and limited opportunities. It also shows how poverty forces people to see value where others see waste. For the rag pickers, garbage is not merely trash but a means of earning a livelihood and sustaining their families.

2. Why does Anees Jung refer to childhood as ‘Lost Spring’? How does the title reflect the central theme of the chapter?

Anees Jung refers to childhood as 'Lost Spring' because children like Saheb and Mukesh are deprived of the joys, freedom, and opportunities that should characterize childhood. Instead of going to school, playing, and dreaming about their future, they are forced to work and support their families. The title symbolizes the loss of hope, innocence, and happiness in the lives of underprivileged children. It reflects the central theme of the chapter—the exploitation of children trapped in poverty, child labour, and social inequality.

3. How can society help children like Saheb break free from the cycle of poverty and exploitation?

Society can help children like Saheb by ensuring access to quality education, healthcare, and proper nutrition. Governments should strictly enforce laws against child labour and provide financial support to poor families so that children are not forced to work. Non-governmental organizations and community groups can create awareness and offer vocational training and scholarships. Most importantly, society must treat these children with dignity and provide them with opportunities to develop their talents. Through education, skill development, and social support, children like Saheb can build a better future and escape the cycle of poverty and exploitation.

12th std A Thing of Beauty

A Thing of Beauty – John Keats

Extra Question Answers --

Q1. How does John Keats define beauty in the poem? Explain with reference to the lines:

"A thing of beauty is a joy forever: Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness..."

Answer: John Keats defines beauty as something that gives everlasting joy and inspiration. According to him, a beautiful object never loses its charm; instead, its loveliness continues to grow in our memories. True beauty provides comfort, happiness, and peace, and its positive influence remains with us forever. Therefore, beauty is eternal and never fades into nothingness.

Q2. What role does nature play in providing solace to human beings, according to the poet?

Answer: Nature plays a healing and comforting role in human life. Keats believes that natural elements such as the sun, moon, trees, flowers, streams, and daffodils help people overcome sadness and despair. They bring joy, peace, and hope, making life more meaningful. Nature acts as a source of emotional strength and helps people cope with the difficulties of life.

Q3. The poet mentions ‘gloomy days’ and ‘despondence’ but still finds beauty uplifting. How does the poem highlight the contrast between suffering and beauty?

Answer: The poem acknowledges that life is full of suffering, disappointment, and hopelessness. Keats refers to gloomy days, lack of noble qualities, and unhealthy ways of living. However, he contrasts these negative experiences with the uplifting power of beauty. Beautiful things in nature and art remove sadness and inspire happiness. This contrast emphasizes that beauty has the power to overcome human suffering and bring positivity to life.

Application-Based Questions

Q4. Imagine you are a nature lover and have experienced the kind of beauty Keats describes. Write a short personal reflection on how a beautiful sight or experience has given you comfort.

As a nature lover, I have often found comfort in the beauty around me. One evening, after a stressful day, I watched the sunset by a quiet lake. The golden rays reflecting on the water and the gentle breeze created a sense of peace within me. For a few moments, all my worries seemed to disappear. That experience reminded me that nature has a unique power to heal and inspire. Just as Keats suggests, the memory of that beautiful sight continues to bring me joy whenever I think about it.

Q5. If Keats were alive today, how might he describe modern-day sources of beauty? Give examples from contemporary life that align with his idea of everlasting beauty.

Answer: If Keats were alive today, he might find beauty not only in nature but also in human kindness, meaningful relationships, art, music, and acts of compassion. He may consider a teacher inspiring students, doctors helping patients, or people working together for environmental conservation as sources of lasting beauty. Such experiences create positive memories and continue to inspire people, reflecting his belief that true beauty brings everlasting joy.

Q6. Identify and explain the literary devices used in the following lines:

"Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing

A flowery band to bind us to the earth..."

Answer:

Metaphor – The phrase “flowery band” is a metaphor for the beautiful things that connect people to life and give them hope.

Imagery – The image of a flowery band creates a vivid picture in the reader’s mind.

Symbolism – The flowery band symbolizes beauty, love, and the positive forces that keep human beings attached to life.

Alliteration – The repetition of the ‘b’ sound in “band to bind” creates a musical effect.

Q7. How does Keats use imagery in the poem to evoke emotions in the reader? Support your answer with examples.

Answer: Keats uses rich and vivid imagery to appeal to the reader’s senses and emotions. He describes natural objects such as the sun, moon, trees, daffodils, clear streams, and musk roses. These images create a sense of beauty, freshness, and peace. He also uses images of grand heroes and legends to inspire admiration and wonder. Through such imagery, Keats helps readers experience the joy, comfort, and emotional upliftment that beauty provides.

HOTS

Q8. Keats suggests that beauty is a ‘flowery band’ that keeps us connected to life. In a world full of challenges, how relevant is this idea in today’s context?

Answer: Keats’ idea is highly relevant today. Modern life is often stressful due to academic pressure, competition, social issues, and personal struggles. Beautiful experiences such as spending time in nature, listening to music, reading literature, or sharing moments with loved ones help people stay positive and hopeful. These sources of beauty provide emotional support and encourage resilience, making life meaningful even during difficult times.

Q9. Discuss how Keats’ concept of beauty differs from the materialistic perception of beauty in today’s society.

Answer: Keats views beauty as something eternal and spiritually uplifting, while modern society often associates beauty with physical appearance, wealth, and luxury. Materialistic beauty is usually temporary and superficial, whereas Keats believes true beauty lies in nature, art, goodness, and noble actions. For him, beauty nourishes the soul and brings lasting happiness rather than temporary pleasure.

Q10. The poet refers to ‘grandeur of the dooms’ and ‘mighty dead.’ How does this connect with the idea of eternal beauty?

Answer: The phrases “grandeur of the dooms” and “mighty dead” refer to the noble deeds and inspiring lives of great heroes and legends. Although these people are no longer alive, their achievements continue to inspire future generations. Their greatness and the stories associated with them remain beautiful and meaningful forever. Thus, these references support Keats’ idea that true beauty is eternal and continues to enrich human life across time.

12th std The Enemy by Pearl S. Buck

 The Enemy by Pearl S. Buck

1. Why does Dr. Sadao decide to save the wounded American soldier despite the ongoing war between Japan and America?

Dr. Sadao decides to save the wounded American soldier because he is a doctor whose primary duty is to save lives. He cannot ignore a seriously injured man who would die without treatment. His humanitarian values and professional ethics overcome his feelings as a Japanese citizen during wartime.

2. Do you think Dr. Sadao's actions were driven more by professional ethics or human compassion? Justify your answer.

Dr. Sadao's actions were driven by both professional ethics and human compassion, but human compassion played a slightly greater role. While his medical training compelled him to treat the soldier, his willingness to shelter and care for him even after the operation showed genuine concern for another human being, regardless of nationality.

3. How does the story show the conflict between patriotism and humanity?

The story presents a conflict between Dr. Sadao's loyalty to Japan and his moral responsibility toward a wounded human being. As a patriotic Japanese citizen, he knows helping the enemy is risky and may be considered treason. However, his humanity compels him to save the soldier's life, showing that compassion can rise above national boundaries.

4. What would have happened if Dr. Sadao had refused to help the soldier? How would that have affected his character?

If Dr. Sadao had refused to help the soldier, the man would likely have died from his injuries. Such a decision would have gone against Dr. Sadao's professional oath and moral values. It would have made him appear less compassionate and weakened the image of him as a dedicated doctor who values human life above prejudice.

5. Why do you think the General never arranged for the soldier's assassination as promised?

The General was mainly concerned with his own health and comfort. He depended heavily on Dr. Sadao's medical expertise and feared losing him. He probably forgot about the promise due to his self-centered nature or chose not to act because he did not want to create complications that might affect his relationship with Dr. Sadao.

6. Compare Dr. Sadao's moral dilemma with a real-life situation where a person must choose between duty and conscience.

A real-life example is a doctor treating injured people during a war or conflict, regardless of their nationality or political beliefs. Like Dr. Sadao, such doctors must choose between social or political pressures and their ethical duty to save lives. Their conscience often guides them to help those in need, even when doing so involves personal risk.

7. How does Hana contribute to the theme of humanity in the story?

Hana initially feels uncomfortable helping the American soldier, but she supports her husband and helps care for him. She cleans the soldier, prepares his room, and assists in his recovery. Her actions reflect kindness, empathy, and the belief that every human life deserves care and respect.

8. If you were in Dr. Sadao's position, what would you have done and why?

If I were in Dr. Sadao's position, I would have helped the wounded soldier because saving a life is a moral responsibility. Human life should be valued above differences of nationality, race, or political conflict. Providing medical assistance would be the ethical and compassionate choice.

9. What message does Pearl S. Buck convey about human values through the story?

Pearl S. Buck emphasizes that humanity, compassion, and moral courage are greater than hatred, prejudice, and national conflicts. The story teaches that people should recognize their common humanity and help others in need, even during difficult circumstances.

10. How does "The Enemy" remain relevant in today's world despite being set during World War II?

The story remains relevant because conflicts, wars, and divisions still exist today. It highlights universal values such as empathy, professional ethics, and respect for human life. The moral questions faced by Dr. Sadao continue to be important in modern society, especially for doctors, leaders, and ordinary citizens.

Competency-Based Question

A doctor treating an injured person discovers that the patient belongs to a hostile group that has harmed his community. What factors should guide the doctor's decision? Relate your answer to Dr. Sadao's actions in The Enemy.

A doctor's decision should be guided by professional ethics, respect for human life, compassion, and fairness. Personal feelings, prejudice, or hostility should not influence medical treatment. In The Enemy, Dr. Sadao treated the wounded American soldier despite knowing he was an enemy because he believed that saving a life was his foremost duty as a doctor. His actions demonstrate that humanitarian values and ethical responsibilities should guide decisions, even in challenging situations.

12th std The Rattrap by Selma Lagerlof

Extra questions- 

Competency Based Questions

1. The peddler compares the world to a rattrap. How is this metaphor relevant in today's consumer-driven society?

The peddler's metaphor remains highly relevant today. Modern society constantly tempts people with money, luxury, fame, and material possessions. Many people become trapped by excessive consumerism, debt, unhealthy competition, or unethical practices in their pursuit of success. Like the bait in a rattrap, these attractions seem appealing but often lead to stress,ra dissatisfaction, and moral compromise. The story reminds us to value honesty, contentment, and human relationships over material gains.

2. Why do you think the peddler stole the crofter's money despite receiving kindness from him? What does this reveal about human weakness?

The peddler stole the money because poverty, insecurity, and temptation overpowered his moral judgment. Although he appreciated the crofter's kindness, he could not resist the lure of easy money. His action reveals that human beings may sometimes act against their conscience when faced with strong temptations. However, the story also shows that people are capable of recognizing their mistakes, repenting, and changing for the better.

3. How did Edla's behaviour succeed where fear and punishment could not? Explain with evidence from the story.

Edla treated the peddler with kindness, respect, and trust despite knowing his true identity. She welcomed him warmly, made him feel valued, and expected nothing in return. Instead of humiliating or punishing him, she appealed to his humanity. This unconditional compassion awakened his conscience. As a result, the peddler returned the stolen money, left a note of apology, and chose to reform. Thus, Edla's empathy achieved what fear and punishment could never accomplish.

4. If you were in the crofter's place, would you trust a stranger so easily? Give reasons for your answer.

I would be kind and helpful to a stranger but would also exercise caution. Trust should be accompanied by wisdom, especially when dealing with someone unknown. While helping those in need reflects compassion, safeguarding one's valuables is equally important. The crofter's generosity is admirable, but revealing his money to a stranger was unwise. The story teaches us to balance kindness with practical judgment.

5. The ironmaster judged the peddler by his appearance, while Edla judged him by his humanity. Whose approach is more appropriate in real life? Justify your response.

Edla's approach is more appropriate because true character cannot be judged solely by outward appearance. She looked beyond the peddler's poverty and treated him with dignity and respect. Her faith in his goodness encouraged him to change his life. Although appearances may create first impressions, fairness, empathy, and open-mindedness help us understand people more accurately and build meaningful relationships.

6. How does the story prove that empathy is a stronger force than authority in bringing about change?

The story demonstrates that genuine change comes from understanding rather than fear. The ironmaster's authority and status failed to influence the peddler, but Edla's compassion transformed him completely. Her respectful treatment restored his self-respect and inspired him to return the stolen money. This shows that empathy touches the heart and motivates lasting moral change, whereas authority alone often produces only temporary obedience.

HOTS Questions

7. Do you think everyone deserves a second chance? Discuss with reference to the peddler's transformation.

Yes, people who sincerely regret their mistakes and are willing to change deserve a second chance. The peddler committed theft but later realized his wrongdoing because of Edla's kindness. He returned the stolen money and expressed genuine remorse. His transformation proves that no one is beyond redemption if given compassion and an opportunity to reform. However, a second chance should be accompanied by personal responsibility and honest efforts to improve.

8. Was the peddler's reformation the result of Edla's kindness or his own guilty conscience? Give reasons for your answer.

The peddler's transformation resulted from both Edla's kindness and his guilty conscience. He already felt trapped after stealing the crofter's money, showing that his conscience was active. However, it was Edla's unconditional respect and trust that gave him the courage to change. Her compassion awakened the goodness within him and inspired him to return the money. Thus, both factors worked together to bring about his moral transformation.

9. Imagine Edla had treated the peddler with suspicion instead of compassion. How might the ending of the story have changed?

If Edla had treated the peddler with suspicion or insulted him, he would probably have remained bitter and dishonest. Feeling rejected, he might have escaped with the stolen money and never attempted to reform. The story would have ended as a tale of crime rather than redemption. This alternative ending highlights the powerful role of trust, empathy, and acceptance in changing human behaviour.

10. The peddler says the world is a rattrap. Can this idea be applied to modern life? Support your answer with examples.

Yes, the metaphor applies strongly to modern life. People often become trapped by the desire for wealth, expensive lifestyles, social media fame, or professional success. Many compromise their values through corruption, dishonesty, or unhealthy competition to achieve these goals. These temptations resemble the bait in a rattrap. The story reminds us that true happiness comes from integrity, compassion, and contentment rather than material success.

11. Compare the crofter's kindness and Edla's kindness. Which had a greater impact on the peddler, and why?

Both the crofter and Edla were kind, but their kindness differed. The crofter offered food, shelter, and friendship but unknowingly tempted the peddler by displaying his money. Edla, however, offered respect, trust, and dignity without expecting anything in return. Her kindness restored the peddler's self-respect and inspired genuine repentance. Therefore, Edla's compassion had a deeper and more lasting impact on his character.

12. "True wealth lies in compassion, not possessions." Discuss this statement in the light of The Rattrap.

The story shows that material wealth alone cannot bring happiness or moral strength. Although the crofter possessed money, it was Edla's compassion that truly enriched another person's life. Her generosity transformed a thief into an honest man. The peddler realized that love, respect, and kindness are more valuable than stolen wealth. Thus, the story teaches that compassion is the greatest form of wealth because it has the power to change lives.

13. How does the story challenge the belief that "once a thief, always a thief"?

The story disproves this belief through the peddler's transformation. Although he steals the crofter's money, he later regrets his action after experiencing Edla's compassion and trust. He returns the money, writes a sincere apology, and leaves as a morally changed person. His character proves that people are capable of change when they are treated with dignity and given an opportunity to reform.

14. What leadership or life lessons can young people learn from Edla Willmansson's actions?

Young people can learn that true leadership is based on empathy, respect, and trust rather than power or authority. Edla treated the peddler with dignity despite his mistakes, believed in his potential for goodness, and inspired positive change. Her actions show that kindness, emotional intelligence, and faith in others can transform lives. Effective leaders encourage growth, forgive mistakes, and create opportunities for people to become better versions of themselves.

10std Nelson Mandela - A Long Walk To Freedom

Extra questions- 

 1. Why do you think Nelson Mandela chose reconciliation over revenge after becoming President? What does this reveal about his leadership?

Mandela chose reconciliation over revenge because he believed that hatred would only deepen divisions and prevent national progress. This reveals that he was a visionary, compassionate, and selfless leader who prioritised the unity and welfare of his nation above personal grievances.

2. If South Africans had continued to hold on to hatred and bitterness after apartheid, how might it have affected the nation's future?

Continued hatred and bitterness could have led to social unrest, violence, and political instability. Reconciliation helped South Africa move towards peace, democracy, and development instead of remaining trapped in cycles of conflict.

3. Mandela says that people learn to hate and can therefore be taught to love. Do you agree? Support your answer with examples from real life.

Yes, I agree. People's attitudes are often shaped by their upbringing and environment. For example, children who are taught values of kindness, respect, and inclusivity are more likely to treat others with compassion regardless of differences.

4. How does Mandela's journey prove that personal suffering can lead to growth and wisdom?

Mandela's years of imprisonment strengthened his character, patience, and understanding. Instead of becoming bitter, he gained wisdom and developed the qualities needed to lead his country towards freedom and equality.

5. Imagine you were present at Mandela's inauguration. What emotions would you have experienced and why?

I would have felt joy, pride, and hope. Witnessing the end of apartheid and the beginning of a democratic era would have been inspiring and emotional, symbolizing justice and equality for all citizens.

6. In what ways can Mandela's idea of freedom be applied to modern society and everyday life?

Mandela's idea of freedom teaches us to respect the rights and dignity of others. In daily life, this means promoting equality, opposing discrimination, and acting responsibly to ensure that everyone enjoys fair opportunities.

7. How did Mandela transform obstacles and hardships into opportunities for learning and leadership?

Mandela used his struggles to develop resilience, patience, and determination. His experiences taught him valuable lessons about human nature, leadership, and justice, which later helped him guide South Africa effectively.

8. Do you think forgiveness is always stronger than revenge? Explain with reference to Mandela's life and experiences.

Yes, forgiveness is often stronger than revenge because it promotes healing and unity. Mandela's willingness to forgive those who oppressed him helped unite a divided nation and prevented further conflict and suffering.

9. What lessons can young people learn from Mandela about achieving long-term goals despite challenges?

Young people can learn the importance of perseverance, courage, patience, and commitment. Mandela's life shows that success often requires enduring hardships and remaining focused on one's goals despite obstacles.

10. How does Mandela's definition of courage differ from the common belief that courageous people never feel fear?

Mandela believed that courage is not the absence of fear but the ability to overcome it. Unlike the common belief, he recognized that brave people experience fear but choose to act despite it.

11. If you were a leader of a divided community, what steps inspired by Mandela would you take to promote unity and harmony?

I would encourage dialogue, mutual respect, and understanding among different groups. I would focus on forgiveness, equality, and shared goals to build trust and strengthen community bonds.

12. How does the chapter demonstrate that true freedom involves responsibility towards others, not just oneself?

Mandela explains that freedom is meaningful only when it respects and enhances the freedom of others. He believed that individuals have a responsibility to ensure justice, equality, and dignity for everyone in society.

13. Compare Mandela's understanding of freedom as a child with his understanding of freedom as an adult. What caused this change?

As a child, Mandela viewed freedom as the ability to play and live without restrictions. As an adult, he understood freedom as the right of all people to live with dignity and equality. His experiences with racial oppression caused this transformation.

14. Suppose Mandela had given up hope during his years in prison. How might history have been different?

If Mandela had lost hope, South Africa's struggle against apartheid might have weakened. The country may have faced prolonged oppression, violence, and delayed democratic reforms, changing the course of its history significantly.

15. How can the values of equality, tolerance, and respect highlighted in the chapter help solve conflicts in today's world?

These values encourage understanding, cooperation, and peaceful coexistence. By respecting differences and treating everyone fairly, societies can reduce prejudice, resolve disputes peacefully, and create more harmonious communities.

11std We are not afraid to die if we can be together

 1. How did the children's courage influence the parents' determination to survive? Explain with examples from the story.

Answer:

The children's courage gave Jonathan and Mary the strength to keep fighting against the dangers they faced at sea. Despite being injured, Suzanne remained calm and reassured her father by saying that she was not afraid to die if they could all be together. Similarly, Jonathan and Mary's younger son, Jonathan, showed remarkable optimism by offering a card expressing his confidence that they would all survive. Their bravery and positive attitude inspired the parents to stay determined, work tirelessly, and never give up hope. The children's courage became a source of emotional strength that helped the family overcome the crisis.

2. What qualities of leadership does Jonathan display during the voyage? How can these qualities be useful in everyday life?

Answer:

Jonathan displays several admirable leadership qualities, including courage, determination, responsibility, quick decision-making, and resilience. During the storm, he remained calm under immense pressure, assessed the situation wisely, and took necessary actions to save his family and the ship. He motivated his family, never lost hope, and continued working despite exhaustion and injuries. These qualities are useful in everyday life because they help individuals face challenges confidently, make sound decisions in difficult situations, inspire others, and remain focused on finding solutions rather than giving up in the face of adversity.

3. How did the crisis transform the children from passive travellers into active contributors to the family's survival?

Answer: The crisis transformed the children from passive travellers into active contributors by compelling them to face danger with courage, maturity, and responsibility. Instead of panicking during the storm, they remained calm and supportive. Suzanne endured her injuries bravely and reassured her parents with her positive attitude, while the younger Jonathan boosted everyone's morale through his optimism and encouraging words. Their emotional strength and resilience motivated their parents to keep fighting for survival. Thus, the children played a significant role in the family's survival by providing hope, courage, and emotional support during the crisis.

4. How does the story prove that mental resilience can be as important as physical strength in times of adversity?

Answer: The story proves that mental resilience is as important as physical strength because the family's survival depended not only on their ability to work hard but also on their determination, courage, and hope. Despite facing a violent storm, severe injuries, exhaustion, and the constant threat of death, Jonathan and his family refused to give up. They remained calm, focused on solving problems, and supported one another emotionally. Suzanne's courage and the younger Jonathan's optimism further strengthened the family's resolve. Their ability to stay positive and persevere through fear and uncertainty enabled them to overcome the crisis, showing that a strong mind can be just as crucial as a strong body in times of adversity.

5. Do you agree that courage is not the absence of fear but the ability to act despite fear? Explain with reference to the story.

Answer: Yes, I agree that courage is not the absence of fear but the ability to act despite fear. In the story, Jonathan and his family were undoubtedly frightened by the violent storm, the damage to their boat, and the possibility of losing their lives. However, they did not allow fear to paralyze them. Jonathan continued to repair the ship and navigate towards safety despite exhaustion and uncertainty. Mary worked tirelessly to support him, while the children remained brave and optimistic even when injured. Their actions demonstrate that true courage lies in facing fear with determination and continuing to do what is necessary despite the risks. The family's survival is a powerful example of courage in the face of adversity.

6. Imagine you are Suzanne after the incident. Write a diary entry expressing your feelings and what you learned from the experience.

Answer: 

23 June 2026

Tuesday 

Dear Diary,

Today, as I sit safely on land after our terrifying experience at sea, I feel grateful to be alive. The storm was unlike anything I had ever imagined. Huge waves battered our boat and for several days we faced fear, hunger, exhaustion and uncertainty.

Although I was badly injured, I tried to remain brave because I knew my parents were doing everything they could to save us. Watching my father struggle tirelessly against the storm and my mother care for all of us taught me the true meaning of courage and determination. I also realized how important it is to stay hopeful, even in the darkest moments.

This experience has taught me that strength comes not only from the body but also from the mind. It has shown me the value of family, teamwork and resilience. As long as we stand together and refuse to give up, we can overcome even the most difficult challenges.

I will never forget this journey and the lessons it has taught me.

Good night,

Suzanne

7. How did the crisis transform the children from passive travellers into active contributors to the family's survival?

Answer: The crisis transformed the children from passive travellers into active contributors by bringing out their courage, maturity and sense of responsibility. Instead of succumbing to fear, they remained calm and supported their parents during the ordeal. Suzanne endured her serious injuries without complaining and encouraged her father by saying that she was not afraid to die if they could all be together. The younger Jonathan contributed by maintaining a positive attitude and boosting everyone's morale with his optimistic message. Their bravery and emotional support strengthened their parents' determination to keep fighting for survival. Thus, the children became active participants in the family's struggle by providing hope, resilience and encouragement when it was needed the most.

10std The Thief's Story

 Extra questions- 

Q1. Why do you think Hari Singh decided to return the stolen money instead of running away with it?

Answer. Hari Singh returned the stolen money because he felt guilty for betraying Anil's trust and realized that Anil's kindness and education were more valuable than the money he had stolen. He wanted to become an honest person and build a better future for himself.

Q2. Why do you think Anil choose to forgive Hari instead of confronting him, directly?

Answer. Anil forgave Hari because he believed in giving people a second chance. He understood Hari's remorse and chose kindness and trust over punishment, hoping to guide him towards an honest and better life.

Q3. "Trust is a greater force than fear." how does the thief's story support the statement?

Answer. The Thief's Story strongly supports the statement that trust is a greater force than fear. Anil trusts Hari Singh despite knowing that he is inexperienced and unreliable. Instead of controlling him through fear or punishment, Anil treats him with kindness, respect and confidence. When Hari steals Anil's money, he is not afraid of being caught, rather, he is deeply affected by the trust Anil has placed in him.

Hari's guilt and remorse arise not from fear of punishment but from the realisation that he has betrayed someone who trusted him. Anil's silent forgiveness and continued faith in Hari inspire him to return the stolen money and choose the path of honesty. Thus, the story shows that trust has the power to transform a person more effectively than fear, leading to self-reflection, repentance and positive change.

Q4. How does the story proves that everyone deserves a second chance?

Answer. The Thief's Story proves that everyone deserves a second chance through Hari Singh's transformation. Hari is a thief who steals money from Anil, but instead of punishing or rejecting him, Anil chooses to forgive him and continue trusting him. Anil recognizes that Hari is capable of change and gives him an opportunity to improve himself.

Anil's act of kindness and faith has a powerful effect on Hari. Feeling guilty and grateful, he returns the stolen money and decides to lead a more honest life. His transformation shows that people can learn from their mistakes when they are given support and understanding. Therefore, the story conveys the message that everyone deserves a second chance because it can help them become better individuals.

Q5. Do you agree that trust and kindness can reform a person more effectively than punishment? Elucidate.

Answer. Yes, I agree that trust and kindness can reform a person more effectively than punishment.

In The Thief's Story, Anil reforms Hari Singh not through fear or punishment but through trust, compassion and understanding. Although Hari steals Anil's money, Anil does not scold or punish him. Instead, he silently forgives him and continues to trust him. This kindness makes Hari feel guilty and ashamed of his actions. As a result, he returns the stolen money and decides to become an honest person. Punishment may stop a person from repeating a mistake out of fear, but trust and kindness encourage genuine self-reflection and inner change. They help a person understand the consequences of their actions and motivate them to improve willingly.

Thus, the story demonstrates that trust and kindness have the power to transform a person's character more deeply and permanently than punishment.

Q6. Compare Hari at the beginning and at the end of the story. What factors contributed to his transformation?

Answer. At the beginning of The Thief's Story, Hari Singh is a young, clever thief who deceives people to earn money. He is dishonest, selfish and constantly looking for opportunities to steal. He has little concern for the feelings of others and moves from one victim to another. By the end of the story, Hari undergoes a significant change. He becomes more honest, responsible and aware of the value of trust. Instead of running away with the stolen money, he returns it and decides to stay with Anil to learn and build a better future.

Hari's transformation is the result of several important factors. Anil's trust and kindness make him feel valued and respected for the first time. The opportunity to learn reading and writing gives him hope for a better and more secure future than a life of theft. After stealing Anil's money, Hari is overwhelmed by guilt and remorse, which awakens his conscience and makes him realize the wrongness of his actions. Moreover, Anil's silent forgiveness and continued trust help him understand the true value of honesty, trust and human relationships. These experiences inspire Hari to return the stolen money and choose the path of honesty and self-improvement.

Thus, Hari's journey from a dishonest thief to a repentant and hopeful young man highlights the power of trust, education, and compassion in bringing about positive change.

Inquiry Letter- 10std

 Letter of Enquiry Practice Examples Class 10 CBSE

Q1. You are interested in learning fashion technology through a correspondence course. Write a letter to the Principal of National Fashion Institute, M.G. Road, Nasik, inquiring about the details of the fees and duration of the Correspondence Course in Fashion Technology offered by them. Imagine yourself as Sangeeta who is living at 15, Camac Street, Janakpuri.

15, Sangeet Bhavan

Janakpuri

New Delhi-25

1st June 2022

The Principal

157/B, Trends Colony

National Fashion Institute

Nasik-20

Subject: Seeking information regarding Correspondence Course in Fashion Technology

Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in 'The Indian Times', dated 23 July 2024, I came to know that your institute offers training in fashion technology through correspondence. I am interested in joining the Fashion Technology Course.  I have just cleared my Class XII Board Examination with an aggregate of 90%.

I am inquisitive to  know about the following details of the course:-

1. Duration of the course

2. Course content

3. Fees for the course and the details of payment

4. Boarding/Lodging facility, if available

In case there is a printed prospectus available, kindly mail it to me at my address.

5. Conduction of examination - will it be semester wise or yearly basis?

6. Also inform about the practical sessions

An early response will be appreciated as I am eager to join the course in the upcoming month.

Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours sincerely,

Sangeeta 

Assignment—

You are Anirudh/ Arundhati, a class X student from 34/C, Shyama Prasad Road, Kolkata who desires to be an actor. Write to the National School of Drama, New Delhi seeking information about courses, admission procedures, eligibility criteria, fee structure, placement opportunities, etc. 

Placing an order

Placing an Order

 Q1. You are the senior librarian of PIS Ahmedabad and you have been asked to place an order for the CBSE prescribed textbooks required for the upcoming academic year.  Complete the letter in 100-120 words. You are Alankrita/Alen.

Ans.

Aditya Public School

23/108, G K N M Street,

Coimbatore – 641026

23rd January, 2025

The Manager

56/A, Karen Book House

Town Hall

Coimbatore – 33

Subject: Order for CBSE textbooks

Dear Sir/Ma’am,

This is with reference to my enquiry dated 20th January 2025. I am writing to you to place an order for CBSE prescribed textbooks. As per our previous discussions, we are glad to have you as our distributor.

The requisition for books and the required quantity are as follows:

S. No. Subject Class No. of Copies

1. Science Class 10 500

2. Social Science  Class 10 500

3. Maths Class 10 300

4. English Class 10 500

5. Hindi Class  8 350

6. Sanskrit Class 8 350

7. English Supplementary Texts Class 10 500

The prices for the books were discussed in the meeting and we have received a quotation that is feasible. Your company has promised to deliver all the books within 7 working days. I would also like to order some books for the library once I receive these books.

We value our continued association and request you to please consider an additional 5% discount for this order. Also, find attached the cheque details along with an advance payment of ₹5,000. Kindly confirm the delivery of the books by 15 February 2025, so we may plan accordingly.

Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours sincerely,

Alankrita

Senior Librarian 

12th std Article Writing - Notes and a Sample

12std ON THE FACE OF IT— Notes

An Overview:

'On the Face of It' is a poignant play by Susan Hill that explores themes of isolation, connection, and human dignity. The narrative revolves around the interaction between two characters: Mr. Lamb, an elderly man who embodies acceptance and resilience, and Derek, a young boy grappling with physical and emotional insecurities due to his disability. Hill examines the impact of societal perceptions on individual identity and the nature of relationships formed in the face of adversity. 

A brief understanding of the play.

The play is set in Mr. Lamb's garden, a space that symbolises life, growth and possibilities. Mr. Lamb, who has lost a leg, welcomes Derek, who has come to visit him with a mix of curiosity and apprehension. As their conversation unfolds, it becomes clear that Derek harbors significant anger and bitterness towards the world, stemming from his struggles with his disability and societal exclusion.

Mr. Lamb, on the other hand, represents a philosophy of life that embraces individuality and defies societal norms. He shares stories about his life, encouraging Derek to see beyond his limitations and appreciate the beauty around him. The dialogue highlights their contrasting perspectives: while Derek sees himself as a victim of circumstance, Mr. Lamb promotes the idea of accepting oneself and finding joy despite challenges.

As the play progresses, the profound connection between the two characters deepens, culminating in a moment where Derek experiences a transformative realization about himself and his potential. However, the ending leaves a lingering sense of poignancy and tragedy, prompting the audience to reflect on societal attitudes towards disability.

12th std Invitation and Replies

Formal invitation

➡️ There are two types of formal invitations

FIRST: Printed invitation cards inviting guests to be present on a particular occasion. Such invitations do not include the name of the addressee.

SECOND: Handwritten letter addressed to a VIP invited to preside over a social cultural and educational function. In such invitations the name of addressee [VIP] appears prominently.

Important Features of Invitation 

The names of the host

The request is made using the standard expression: 'request the pleasure of your company'

The reason for the invitation

Time, date, venue

The name of the chief guest if any

The name of the invitee may not figure in case of printed card

The third person is used in such invitations

The whole letter is written in one single sentence

R.S.V.P. (please reply] is mentioned at the end of invitation

Word limit-50 words

FORMAL INVITATION [NOT PRINTED]

Q1 You are Subhashini, the Head Girl of Podar International School Ahmedabad-Chandkheda, Your school is holding an Inter-School Limited Over Cricket Championship from 20 November, 2024. Write an invitation to Mr. Ravi Shastri, the legendary cricketer to inaugurate the championship on 20 November, at 11 a.m. at your school play ground.

Ans.

Podar International School, Ahmedabad

Behind Vitthal  Complex

Chandkheda-24

10 September 2024

Mr. Ravi Shastri 

157/C, MG Road 

Navi Mumbai 

Pincode -35

Subject: Inauguration of Cricket Championship

Sir,

Our school is holding an Inter-School Limited Over Cricket Championship from 20 November to 28th November 2024. Ten schools of the area are likely to participate. Your presence will be very inspiring for all of us. You are requested to inaugurate the championship on 20 November, 2024 at 11 a.m. in our school grounds.

Kindly confirm your availability by 5th November.

Yours faithfully

Subhashini

Head Girl

12th std A Roadside Stand notes

 

11std POSTER DESIGNING

 

11std POSTER DESIGNING

ESSENTIAL POINTS:
ISSUING AUTHORITY– By whom or by which organisation the poster is being published.

TAGLINE OF THE EVENT– it has to be in accordance with the question. A catchy tagline for the occasion. It should be clearly visible. Thus, it can be bold, underlined or in capitals.

TITLE OF THE EVENT- it should be short and as per the question.

SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS– This is optional. For example:- Guest speaker, etc.

ILLUSTRATION- It involves pictorial representation/s. For eg., a drop of blood for a blood donation camp.

DATE, TIME AND VENUE- It is very important to mention date, time and venue of the event. It is a point you cannot risk forgetting.

CONTACT INFORMATION– In case of any queries, the targeted audience should have someone to contact to.

Issuing authority- It Is Issued In Public Interest.(at the last)

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION– If there is any other information mentioned in the question and is supposed to be there in the poster, it is important you mention it.

RULES:
—It should be in a box.
—Make sure you double-check for grammatical accuracy and spellings. They carry marks.
—Pictorial representation is a must, use pencil colours

Do’s
Make sure it fits within one page only.
Use sharpened pencils/ colours pencils
Bold or underline important information.

DON’Ts
No usage of short forms or slangs. It is not acceptable.
Don’t exceed the prescribed word limit.

11std SPEECH WRITING

            ESSENTIALS of SPEECH WRITING

1. HEADING– The heading should be catchy and in not more than 5-6 words. You can go as creative as you want with this one just make sure you do not devote too much time to it in the exam.

2. OPENING LINE- This includes salutations, introduction, and the topic. Make sure you do not mention your personal details.

Speech writing Example – Respected Principal, teachers, and my dear friends. Today, I (the name is given in the question) stand before you all to deliver a speech / my ideas and concerns on the topic (given in the question).

OR you could start with a QUOTE related to the topic and then go with the salutations and introduction.

E.g.:- *Good Morning honourable Principal, respected teachers, and my dear fellow mates.* Today, I, _________, stand before you all, to highlight the importance or significance of ____________.

2. BODY will comprise:

A. It is always prescribed that you begin with a short introduction on the topic, it’s meant to be precise.

B. Then you need to explain the current situation, the problems (if any), and whether after any corrective actions, betterment in the situation has been observed or not.

C. It may include advantages/ disadvantages depending upon the topic in question.

3. CLOSURE 

A review of the main points and a purposeful closing sentence. Persuasive speech endings should tell the audience specifically what they should do or think about.

             SPEECH WRITING- A Sample

You are Asher/ Adrine  Head boy/head girl of your school. You are deeply disturbed by the rising cases of aggressive behaviour of students in your school. You decide to speak during the morning assembly about it. Write a SPEECH on ‘Indiscipline in Schools’ in 120 - 150 words.

Answer

               *INDISCIPLINE IN SCHOOLS*

It has been reported to the councils that number of fights and cases of bullying has gone up tremendously in the last few months in our school.

A warm greetings to honourable Principal, respected teachers and my dear fellow mates. Today, I, Asher/ Adrine, your head girl/boy stand before you to throw some light upon the grave issue of 'Increasing Indiscipline in Schools'.The growing indiscipline and intolerance among the new generation is resulting in violation of rules and regulations. It has become a grave concern in today's world. The old-age student-teacher tradition is losing its charm. Aggressiveness in students may be triggered by several factors: as a self-defence reaction, stressful situation, over-stimulation or lack of adult supervision.

It has been brought into lime light that disobedience of students, bullying, fights with peers, truancy and insults is becoming a common trend. Not only this, there have been complaints of parents witnessing a shift in their children’s attitude. This is resulting in a lot of children getting hurt emotionally, mentally and physically. The impact this attitude is having on kids at early age is disastrous and irreversible.

Not to forget the damage that has been done to the school property. Stealing chalks, scribbling on desks, walls and washroom doors, destroying CCTV cameras and the list goes on. By doing this, we are only letting us deprive ourselves of the amenities being provided to us.After a lot of meetings, lack of proper guidance, excessive use of social media and peer pressure have been observed to be the root causes of the problem. The counsellor is taking steps to improve the situation. Life skill classes are being made mandatory for everyone. Teachings will include counselling, motivation and inculcating friendly values. Seminars for parents and students will be regularly organised. A counsellor to help you all share your feelings, grudges and sharing your personal problem is being made available. We are doing everything we can and expect the same from you.

So, let’s join our hands together and build an environment where we encourage, motivate, help and be kind to each other for we are good and civilised beings capable of a lot of affection.

Thank you for being such patient listeners.

10std ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH—SWOT ANALYSIS

 ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH—SWOT ANALYSIS

Q1. Anamika is an aspiring candidate for a public-funded engineering college in the suburbs.

She belongs to a nearby village, has minimal technological skills and exposure, has the required cut-off percentage and is looking for a complete or partial scholarship.

Write a paragraph in about 100-120 words, analysing her SWOT notes to support your stand on whether she should join/not join the college.

STRENGTH

■ Strong Curriculum

■ Quality faculty

■ Vibrant Activity Clubs

■ Green location

■ Close proximity to residential areas

OPPORTUNITIES

■ Practice based research

■ Partnership with professional organisations

■Strong alumni

■Acclaimed Student Exchange Programme with European countries

WEAKNESS

■ Lack of diversity

■ Students' behavioural problems

No hostel facility

■ Slow repair and maintenance work

■ Underutilization of IT Services

■ Lack of targeted advertisements to out-state students

THREAT

■ Lack of publicity in areas of excellence

■ Public perception towards funded colleges

■ Declining students' interest towards technical subjects

■ Low employee morale due to budget cuts

Answer:

SWOT Analysis of an Aspiring Candidate for Engineering College

The information provided indicates the options Anamika will consider to make the right decision about enrolling in a publicly funded engineering school. 

With access to a strong curriculum, quality teaching staff, and active activity clubs, she is assured of a rich educational journey. There are no hostels available, but she has taken advantage of accommodation in the suburbs or in the village. 

You can choose to move daily from practice- oriented studies, partnerships with professional companies, and good opportunities for international student exchange programs improve their professional and interpersonal skills. Hard work, responsible behavior, and careful decision-making can help Anamika succeed in college, despite a rigid and conventional culture. Strength and potential speak for Anamika. 

The university and government should seize this opportunity to correct misperceptions of public universities and student attitudes towards engineering courses.

10std Analytical Paragraph– Factual

 ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH- FACTUAL

Q. Read the following excerpt from an article in a fashion magazine:  

'Colourism' is the term describing the preference for lighter skin. Several of the world’s biggest advertising firms have come under severe criticism for selling beauty products that promise whiter skin. What is worse is the manner in which these fairness products are being promoted - the parallel drawn between being fair and being successful; the perfect fair heroine showcased in movies; celebrity endorsements of fairness products; and matrimonial advertisements where everyone seeks a fair bride. This type of advertising has created an inferiority complex among darker skinned women as seen in the rising sales of fairness cosmetics. This form of biased advertising has come under harsh criticism. Are we as a society encouraging and supporting 'colorism'?  

Write a paragraph in 100-120 words to analyse the given argument.  You could think about what alternative explanations might weaken the given conclusion and include rationale / evidence that would strengthen / counter the given argument. 

Answer:

Argument FOR the subject of the statement: 

The desire to be beautiful is natural. What is not natural is determining that only one type of skin colour is beautiful. We need to be inclusive of all skin tones and look at the diversity of beauty. Every skin colour shade is beautiful. Additionally, beauty is only 'skin deep'. We need to stop equating light-coloured skin with beauty because ‘black is beautiful’ too. 'Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder and therefore is a very subjective matter. Discrimination on the basis of skin shade is therefore not logical. Many such discriminations have been defeated over the past decades. We should stop encouraging ads that promote colorism. Let us not regress but rather progress. Real beauty is the personality and the qualities of a person. The focus should lie on being beautiful from within, rather than obsessing over outer appearance. 

Argument AGAINST the subject of the statement: 

We as a society have always been obsessed with fair skin tone and it is time to put a stop to this. This prejudice has been around for way too long, including in our books, movies and real life. We find a wonderful example in the children’s fairy tale ‘Snow White’, where her mother the wicked queen asks the magic mirror, “Who is the fairest of them all?” and the mirror replies saying that Snow White is the most beautiful, thus stressing on inner beauty rather than outer appearance. Fair skin instills confidence and sets one up for success. Fairer people seem to get better jobs, deals and life partners, so it's natural that people will desire to be fair. If some people want to use beauty products to make their skin lighter they should be allowed to do so without criticism as it is a matter of personal choice.

10std ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH- STATISTICAL DATA

 ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH- STATISTICAL DATA

Q. The monthly expenditure of a family is represented in the pie chart shown below. 

Write a paragraph in about 100-120 words, analysing the information in the pie chart to support your stand on how the family is using the money wisely. 

Analysis of the Monthly Expenditure 

The monthly expenditure of a family is represented in the given pie chart. Food and education make up 30% and 25% respectively of their monthly expenses. The family spends the most on these two areas.  Miscellaneous items come next in order of percentage, that is, 20% which comprises of money spent on both essential and luxury goods, such as, clothes, gadgets, vacations, etc. Health care and rent take up 10% each. Transportation takes up the last 5% of their monthly expense. Overall the data shows that the family does maintain a good balance on expenditure. After spending on food, they have spent a significant amount on education. Spending 25% on it shows that the family gives it a lot of importance. About 80% of the total money is spent on liabilities, and the remaining 20% is spent on other items. In conclusion we can say that this family spends its money wisely indeed. (153 words)